Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden. Traditional preclinical research models often fail to recapitulate the complex spatial architecture and genetic heterogeneity of the original tumors. Organoid are a culture technology derived from stem cells, recreating miniature versions and helping to preserve the histopathological characteristics of the original organ. Objective: Establishing a culture protocol for CRC organoid creates a premise for further studies on physiology, pathology and treatment. Materials and Methods: Primary tumor tissues will be collected from patients undergoing surgical resection at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City. The samples will be processed and cultured within an Extracellular Matrix (ECM) scaffold. The established organoid will be characterized based on morphology and histological architecture via Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining and via the expression of CK20 and CDX2 markers through immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results: The study created CRC organoid after 2 - 7 days, with solid, cystic organoid morphologies across passages. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry results showed that organoid lines reproduced the histological structure of colorectal adenocarcinoma, with similar expression of specific markers CK20 and CDX2. Conclusion: The study successfully built a culture protocol and created colorectal cancer organoid lines, contributing to laying the foundation for preclinical studies on personalized drug screening and understanding the pathogenesis of CRC.