Abstract
Background: This study aimed to: (1) Determine the prevalence of newborns at high risk for G6PD deficiency among those in the Central region and Western Highlands of Vietnam who underwent neonatal screening at the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy; (2) Investigate the rate of high-risk newborns confirmed by diagnostic testing, as well as factors associated with screening results. Materials and method: A total of 7,532 newborns were screened for G6PD deficiency using dried blood spots at the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from January 2024 to February 2025. Results: The overall high-risk rate of G6PD deficiency was 3.6%, in which ethnic groups with high prevalance were Thai, Nung, Tay, Ta Oi; while the Kinh group showed a lower high-risk rate of 1.97%. Among the high-risk newborns, only 19.56% underwent confirmatory diagnostic testing, with the highest testing rate observed in Thua Thien Hue (57.14%) and the lowest in Kon Tum (4.76%). The overall true positive rate of screening was 67.92%, reaching 100% in Thua Thien Hue and 62.22% in other provinces (p = 0.044). There was a significant association between screening accuracy and the time between sample collection and screening, particularly, the true positive rate was 91.3% for samples tested within 5 days and dropped to 50% for those tested after 5 days (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of newborns at high risk for G6PD deficiency in the studied regions was relatively high, with significant variations among ethnic groups. The diagnostic confirmation rate remained low. Screening outcomes were significantly associated with the location of sample sending and the time between sample collection and screening.
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