Abstract

Background: In Vietnam, there is currently a lack of evidence evaluating the effectiveness of cervical thermal ablation in the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions among women with high-risk HPV. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cervical thermal ablation in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) and its clearance ability of high-risk HPV in women aged over 30 years. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 74 patients aged ≥30 years with cervical high-risk HPV infection and histopathology-confirmed CIN1 at Tu Du Hospital, Vietnam, from August 2023 to December 2025. Results: The mean age of participants was 39 ± 6.7 years. At 12 months after cervical thermal ablation, the clearance rate of overall high-risk HPV, HPV 16, and HPV 18 were 83.8%, 84.6%, and 75%, respectively. The cure rate at 12 months was 83.8%. Conclusions: Thermal ablation not only resolves precancerous lesions but also promotes HPV clearance for high-risk types, which are the main causes of cervical precancer and cervical cancer. Further studies are needed to support wider application of cervical thermal ablation for treating precancerous lesions and HPV clearance in Vietnam.